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Engineering Software:
Energy Conversion 1.1
Program Description
Engineering Software has developed a new Windows based software package,
Energy Conversion 1.1, that quickly and reliably calculates thermodynamic and
transport properties of gaseous, liquid and solid species, steam approximations
for both saturated and superheated areas, analyzes power cycles, power cycle
components/processes and compressible flow.
This software package is designed for those who are involved at various
levels with design, operation and management of energy conversion systems. The
software can allow the user to more quickly and effectively do his/her work,
explore more options, save time and give more confidence in carrying out
engineering calculations.
Program Capabilities
In each section, subsection of the Energy Conversion program, the user
needs to change one or more input values in order to calculate a new case. The
program calculates corresponding output values.
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties
- Temperature and Pressure (270 K < T < 5,000 K)
- Enthalpy and Pressure
- Entropy and Pressure
Steam Approximations
- Saturated Area (Temperature and Pressure Dependent)
- Superheated Area
Power Cycles
- Carnot
- Brayton (Power and Propulsion)
- Rankine
- Otto
- Diesel
- Magnetohydrodynamics
- Fuel Cell
Power Cycle Components/Processes
- Compression
- Combustion (Coal/Oil/Gas)
- Expansion
- Heat Transfer
- Mixing
Compressible Flow
- Velocity of Sound
- Mach Number
- Properties (Stagnation and Static)
- Nozzle
- Normal Shock
- Diffuser
- Thrust
Hardware and Software Requirements
IBM compatible systems: Microsoft Windows 3.X, Windows 95 and Windows
NT, 80386 or higher microprocessor, 4 MB RAM, 4 - 8 MB available on a hard
drive.
Detailed Program Description
1. Properties
Physical properties of available species are provided for assigned two
state values such as: temperature and pressure, enthalpy and pressure, and
entropy and pressure. Physical properties are given in both U.S. customary and
International units.
Note: Physical properties for H2O(S), H2O(L) and H2O(G) are available.
The accuracy of the available H2O properties is only good for the purpose of
combustion calculation. Therefore, this indicates that steam table calculations
are not available.
1.1 Properties: Temperature - Pressure
Provides physical properties of the selected specie for assigned
temperature and pressure.
Input Values:
- Specie
- Temperature
- Pressure
Output Values:
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is not constant
1.2 Properties: Enthalpy - Pressure
Provides physical properties of the selected specie for assigned
enthalpy and pressure.
Input Values:
Output Values:
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is not constant
1.3 Properties: Entropy - Pressure
Provides physical properties of the selected specie for assigned entropy
and pressure.
Input Values:
Output Values:
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is not constant
2. Steam Approximations
Provides steam approximations, steam table calculations are available
for both saturated and superheated areas.
2.1 Steam Approximations: Saturated Area
Provides steam approximations for the saturated area, steam table
calculations are available for the saturated area only. In this case, steam
approximations are either temperature or pressure dependent.
2.1.1 Steam Approximations: Saturated Area: Temperature Dependent
Input Values:
- Saturated Steam Temperature
- Steam Quality
Output Values:
- Saturated Steam Physical Properties
2.1.2 Steam Approximations: Saturated Area: Pressure Dependent
Input Values:
- Saturated Steam Pressure
- Steam Quality
Output Values:
- Saturated Steam Physical Properties
2.2 Steam Approximations: Superheated Area
This subsection deals with steam approximations for the superheated
area, steam table calculations are available for the superheated area only.
Input Values:
- Superheated Steam Temperature and Pressure
Output Values:
- Superheated Steam Physical Properties
3. Power Cycles
Provides analysis of a few power cycles (Carnot, Brayton, Rankine, Otto,
Diesel, Magnetohydrodynamics and Fuel Cell).
3.1 Power Cycles: Carnot
Provides analysis of the Carnot cycle.
Input Values:
- Heat Addition Temperature
- Heat Rejection Temperature
Output Values:
- Cycle Efficiency
- Heat Rate
Assumptions:
- Isentropic compression and expansion
- Heat addition and rejection occur at constant temperature.
- Specific heat is constant.
3.2 Power Cycles: Brayton
Provides analysis of the Brayton cycle for both power generation and
propulsion application.
3.2.1 Power Cycles: Brayton: Power
Provides analysis of the Brayton cycle for the power generation
application.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Working Fluid Mass Flow Rate
- Compressor Inlet Temperature
- Compressor Inlet Pressure
- Turbine Inlet Temperature,
- Turbine Inlet Pressure
- Fuel HHV
Output Values:
- Power Output
- Fuel Consumption
- Cycle Efficiency
- Heat Rate
Assumptions:
- Isentropic compression and expansion.
- Ideal combustion, heat transfer.
- Fuel mass flow rate is ignored when calculating the gas turbine power
output and thrust.
- No pressure loss
- Specific heat is constant.
3.2.2 Power Cycles: Brayton: Propulsion
Provides analysis of the Brayton cycle for the propulsion
application.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Working Fluid Mass Flow Rate
- Compressor Inlet Temperature
- Compressor Inlet Pressure
- Turbine Inlet Temperature
- Turbine Inlet Pressure
- Fuel HHV
Output Values:
Assumptions:
- Isentropic compression and expansion.
- Ideal combustion, heat transfer
- Fuel mass flow rate is ignored when calculating the gas turbine power
output and thrust
- Ambient pressure is equal to compressor inlet pressure.
- No pressure loss
- Specific heat is constant.
3.3 Power Cycles: Rankine
Provides analysis of the Rankine cycle.
Input Values:
- Turbine Inlet Conditions (Temperature and Pressure)
- Steam Mass Flow Rate
- Fuel HHV
Output Values:
- Power Output
- Fuel Consumption
- Cycle Efficiency
- Heat Rate
Assumptions:
- Isentropic compression and expansion
- Ideal combustion and heat transfer
3.4 Power Cycles: Otto
Provides analysis of the Otto cycle.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Compression Ratio
- Ambient Temperature
- Ambient Pressure
- Compression Ratio
- Combustion Temperature
- Number of Resolutions
- Fuel HHV
- Number of Cylinders
- Cylinder Stroke
- Stroke to Diameter Ratio
Output Values:
- Compression Temperature
- Compression Pressure
- Combustion Pressure
- Exhaust Temperature
- Exhaust Pressure
- Cycle Efficiency
- Working Fluid
- Mass Flow Rate
- Heat Rate
- Power Output
- Fuel Consumption
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant
- Four stroke engine
3.5 Power Cycles: Diesel
Provides analysis of the Diesel cycle.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Ambient Temperature
- Ambient Pressure
- Compression Ratio
- Cut-Off Ratio
- Number of Resolutions
- Fuel HHV
- Number of Cylinders
- Cylinder Stroke
- Stroke to Diameter Ratio
Output Values:
- Compression Temperature
- Compression Pressure
- Combustion Temperature
- Combustion Pressure
- Exhaust Temperature
- Exhaust Pressure
- Cycle Efficiency
- Working Fluid Mass Flow Rate
- Heat Rate
- Power Output
- Fuel Consumption
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant
- Four stroke engine
3.6 Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
Provides analysis of the Magnetohydrodynamics cycle.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Inlet Stagnation Temperature
- Inlet Stagnation Pressure
- Velocity
- Conductivity
- Loading Parameter
- Magnetic Field Strength
- Channel Length
- Mobility
Output Values:
- Inlet Static Temperature
- Inlet Static Pressure
- Inlet Mach Number
- Induced Voltage Field
- Current Density
- Hall Voltage
- Outlet Static
- Temperature
- Outlet Static Pressure
- Outlet Mach Number
- Outlet Stagnation Temperature
- Outlet Stagnation Pressure
- Cycle Efficiency,
- Heat Rate, Power Output
- Enthalpy Extraction
Assumptions:
- Specific heat, velocity, conductivity, mobility, induced voltage
field, Hall voltage and magnetic field strength are constant.
3.7 Fuel Cell
Provides analysis of the Fuel Cell cycle.
Input Values:
- Fuel
- Fuel Inlet Temperature
- Oxidant (O2) Inlet Temperature
- Fuel Flow Rate
- Product Outlet Temperature
Output Values:
- Oxidant Flow Rate
- Fuel Cell Voltage
- Power
- Fuel Cell Efficiency
4. Power Cycle Components/Processes
Provides analysis of power cycle components/processes (compression,
combustion, expansion, heat transfer and mixing).
4.1 Power Cycle Components/Processes: Compression
Provides analysis of compression.
4.1.1 Isentropic Compression
Provides analysis of isentropic compression.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid (Specie)
- Working Fluid Mass Flow Rate
- Inlet Temperature
- Inlet Temperature
- Inlet Pressure
- Outlet Pressure
Output Values:
- Power Input
- Outlet Temperature
Assumptions:
- Isentropic compression
- Specific heat is constant.
4.1.2 Isothermal Compression
Provides analysis of isothermal compression.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid (Specie)
- Working Fluid Mass
- Inlet/Outlet Temperature
- Inlet Pressure
- Outlet Pressure
Output Values:
- Inlet Volume
- Outlet Volume
Assumptions:
4.2 Power Cycle Components/Processes: Combustion
Provides analysis of combustion.
4.2.1 Power Cycle Components/Processes: Combustion: Coal/Oil
Provides analysis of the combustion process when coal or oil are
considered as the fuel.
Input Values:
- Fuel Composition
- Fuel Temperature
- Oxidant Composition
- Oxidant
- Temperature
- Oxidant to Fuel Ratio
Output Values:
- Fuel HHV
- Fuel Enthalpy
- Oxidant Enthalpy
- Stoichiometry
- Flame Temperature
- Combustion Gas Composition
Assumptions:
- Complete combustion
- No gas dissociation
- No heat loss.
- Specific heat is not constant.
4.2.2 Power Cycle Components/Processes: Combustion: Gas
Provides analysis of the combustion process when gas is considered as
the fuel.
Input Values:
- Fuel Composition
- Fuel Temperature
- Oxidant Composition
- Oxidant Temperature
- Oxidant to Fuel Ratio
Output Values:
- Fuel HHV
- Fuel Enthalpy
- Oxidant Enthalpy
- Stoichiometry
- Flame Temperature
- Combustion Gas Composition
Assumptions:
- Complete combustion
- No gas dissociation
- No heat loss
- Specific heat is not constant.
4.3 Power Cycle Components/Processes: Expansion
Provides analysis of expansion.
4.3.1 Isentropic Expansion
Provides analysis of isentropic expansion.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid (Specie)
- Working Fluid Mass
- Inlet Temperature
- Inlet Pressure
- Outlet Pressure
Output Values:
- Power Output
- Outlet Temperature
Assumptions:
- Isentropic expansion
- Specific heat is constant.
4.3.2 Isothermal Expansion
Provides analysis of isothermal expansion.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid (Specie)
- Working Fluid Mass
- Inlet/Outlet Temperature
- Inlet Pressure
- Outlet Pressure
Output Values:
- Inlet Volume
- Outlet Volume
Assumptions:
4.4 Power Cycle Components/Processes: Heat Transfer
Provides analysis of heat transfer.
Input Values:
- Hot Working Fluid (Specie)
- Hot Working Fluid Mass Flow Rate
- Hot Working Fluid Inlet Temperature
- Hot Working Fluid Outlet Temperature
- Cold Working Fluid (Specie)
- Cold Working Fluid Mass Flow Rate
- Cold Working Fluid Inlet Temperature
Output Values:
- Cold Working Fluid Outlet Temperature
Assumptions:
- Ideal heat transfer -- no losses
4.5 Power Cycle Components/Processes: Mixing
Provides analysis of mixing.
Input Values:
- Inlet Working Fluids (Species)
- Inlet Working Fluids Mass Flow Rate
- Inlet Working Fluids Temperature
- Outlet Working Fluids (Species)
- Outlet Working Fluids Mass Flow Rate
Output Values:
- Outlet Working Fluids Temperature -- Mixing Temperature
Assumptions:
- Ideal mixing -- no losses
5. Compressible Flow
Provides analysis of compressible flow.
5.1 Compressible Flow: Velocity of Sound
Provides analysis of velocity of sound.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Temperature
Output Values:
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant
5.2 Compressible Flow: Mach Number
Provides analysis of Mach Number.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Temperature
- Velocity
Output Values:
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant
5.3 Compressible Flow: Properties
Provides analysis of stagnation and static properties in the case of
compressible flow.
5.3.1 Compressible Flow: Properties: Stagnation
Provides analysis of stagnation properties.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Static Temperature
- Velocity
Output Values:
- Stagnation Temperature
- Stagnation Pressure
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant
5.3.2 Compressible Flow: Properties: Static
Provides analysis of static properties.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Stagnation Temperature
- Velocity
Output Values:
- Static Temperature
- Static Pressure
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant.
5.4 Compressible Flow: Nozzle
Provides analysis of nozzle.
Input Values:
Working Fluid
- Stagnation Temperature
- Stagnation Pressure
- Velocity
Output Values:
- Static Temperature
- Static Pressure
- Mach Number
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant.
5.5 Compressible Flow: Normal Shock
Provides analysis of normal shock.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Inlet Stagnation Temperature
- Inlet Stagnation Pressure
- Inlet Velocity
Output Values:
- Inlet Static Temperature
- Inlet Static Pressure
- Inlet Mach Number
- Outlet Stagnation Temperature
- Outlet Stagnation Pressure
- Outlet Velocity
- Outlet Static Temperature
- Outlet Static Pressure
- Outlet Mach Number
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant.
5.6 Compressible Flow: Diffuser
Provides analysis of diffuser.
Input Values:
Working Fluid
- Static Temperature
- Static Pressure
- Velocity
Output Values:
- Mach Number
- Stagnation Temperature
- Stagnation Pressure
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant.
5.7 Compressible Flow: Thrust
Provides analysis of thrust.
Input Values:
- Working Fluid
- Working Fluid Mass Flow Rate
- Stagnation Temperature
- Stagnation Pressure
- Velocity
- Ambient Pressure
Output Values:
- Static Temperature
- Static Pressure
- Mach Number
- Thrust
Assumptions:
- Specific heat is constant.